A fume hood is a critical piece of laboratory equipment designed to limit exposure to hazardous fumes, vapours, and dust. It acts as a ventilated enclosure that safely captures, contains, and exhausts harmful airborne substances generated during laboratory processes. Fume hoods are essential in chemical, biological, and research laboratories where toxic or volatile materials are handled.
What is a Fume Hood?
A fume hood, also known as a chemical hood or exhaust hood, is a workspace equipped with a powerful ventilation system. It draws air away from the user, filters or exhausts it outside the facility, and ensures that hazardous substances do not escape into the laboratory environment. Fume hoods protect personnel from inhaling toxic gases and provide a physical barrier against splashes, explosions, or fire.
Types of Fume Hoods
There are several types of fume hoods designed for different laboratory needs:
1. Ducted Fume Hood
- Connected to a building’s ventilation system.
- Exhausts hazardous fumes outside the facility.
- Ideal for handling strong chemicals and corrosive substances.
2. Ductless Fume Hood (Recirculating)
- Uses activated carbon or HEPA filters to clean air before releasing it back into the room.
- Suitable for light-duty applications and locations without ductwork infrastructure.
3. Bench-Top Fume Hood
- Compact and placed on lab benches.
- Commonly used in schools, small labs, or for localized experiments.
4. Walk-In Fume Hood
- Floor-mounted with full-height access.
- Designed for large equipment or large-volume experiments.
5. Canopy Fume Hood
- Installed above heat- or vapor-generating equipment.
- Ideal for capturing non-toxic steam, heat, or odors.
6. Perchloric Acid Fume Hood
- Designed for safe handling of perchloric acid.
- Includes a wash-down system to prevent explosive crystal buildup.
Materials of Construction
Fume hoods are constructed using materials that offer durability, chemical resistance, and easy maintenance. Common materials include:
Exterior Construction
- Cold-Rolled Steel with Epoxy Coating: Corrosion-resistant and durable.
- Stainless Steel: Highly resistant to corrosion, ideal for cleanrooms and high-purity applications.
- Polypropylene: Excellent chemical resistance, especially for highly corrosive environments.
Interior Liner Material
- Epoxy Resin: Chemical-resistant, affordable, and commonly used.
- Phenolic Resin: Durable and suitable for general chemical work.
- Stainless Steel: Used when cleanliness and corrosion resistance are paramount.
- Polypropylene or PVC: Ideal for high-acid or corrosive conditions.
Work Surface
- Epoxy Resin Countertop
- Phenolic Resin Worktop
- Stainless Steel or Ceramic Tile (for high heat resistance)
Key Features of a Fume Hood
- Sash Window: Transparent sliding window for access and safety.
- Airflow Monitor: Indicates whether the hood is operating correctly.
- Baffles: Ensure even airflow and improve containment.
- Lighting: Internal fluorescent or LED lighting for visibility.
- Spill Containment: Recessed work surfaces to contain spills.